Water is one of the scarcest resources available to mankind. The amount of consumable water is depleting by the day and lowering ground water levels pose a serious threat to existence of human habitat in many parts of the earth. In such a dear situation, it becomes imperative that we conserve, preserve and value every available ounce of water.
The usage of water for domestic and industrial applications is unavoidable. The round water sources however are not increasing at the same pace as the channels of consumption. The effluents in the form of chemicals, waste, hazardous gases, impure water, etc. get mixed with the fresh water sources thereby resulting in water pollution. This water is not fit for human or animal consumption. Furthermore, when this effluent mixed water gets mixed with soil, it causes soil pollution, rendering the soil barren or less fertile. This in turn has a cyclic effect of flora and fauna.
So, what is the best way to face this stern challenge? The easiest way out is to treat the effluent mixed water before it leaves the industrial premises and find ways to use the same more effectively within the premises of the industry. There are several types of filtration processes that can be used for cleansing the water. These processes vary from the simplest, screening process to more complicated electronic filtration process.
In a typical effluent treatment plant, there are 3 major steps of filtration. In the primary step, the effluents are passed through wire mesh; wire cloth, mechanical separators to remove the high density impurities. This basic step is common across industries, households, civil terminals, etc. it is also equally capable of removing the insects and biological additives in the water.
In the secondary step, the stream of effluent is made to pass through aerators where oxygen is added to the effluent to retain the basic chemical structure of the water molecules. Also, oxygen removed inherent impurities from the solution. Chlorine is added to the effluent depending upon the level of impurities. This process is called as chlorination. The quantum of chlorine to be added is pre-decided depending on the pH value of the waste water. A mechanical separator is used to separate the hard and soft water at this stage. The hard water with high concentration of acids and chemicals recirculates in plant and used in non-consumption applications like heating and cooling of machines.
The semi-purified water is then made to enter this tertiary phase. This phase is not required in most cases, however is implemented in specific industrial applications where the impurities like chemicals, paints, oils, natural gases, etc. are mixed with water to an extend where it becomes difficult to separate them out by primary and secondary means. In this phase, trickling filters in the form of organic matter is added to purify the water. Also, rotating biological contractors are added to purify the biological impurities mixed in water. The quantum of chemicals added is varied depending upon the composition of water and expected level of filtration.
The science of effluent treatment has evolved to such an extent that effluent treatment up to 99.99% is humanly possible. However, the trade-off is between the cost of purifying water and the end usage of the purified water. Environmental organizations are on the lookout to ensure that waters coming out from industry are treated to certain' expected levels that they do not cause 'damage to the ecosystem.
Effluent treatment is a subject of great environmental repercussion. Industries ought to take greater responsibility towards the larger ecosystem. Considering the level of environmental hazards impure water can potentially cause to generations, Effluent Treatment becomes a matter of state interference. Governmental bodies are more active and constant checks are conducted on the quality of effluents released by manufacturing units in open waters. However, much needs and leaves to be done to create a global awareness about the need for effluent treatment across industry circles.
Environ Engineering Company is leading manufacturers of Effluent treatment plant & Aerators in India.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rushikesh_Kamreja
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